DR . R. MAHENDIRAN RAMASAMY

Life span of animals:   Daily food intake: Physiological data: Basic requirements for lab animals: Requirement of the virology lab:  (1) Physical infrastructure.  (2) Human resources.  (3) Equipment and supplies. Physical infrastructure: Essential equipment:   Biosafety cabinets Class II – Three (one for handling cell cultures, one for handling stock viruses, and one for processing clinical specimens).   One incubator and two CO 2 incubators (one for uninfected cell cultures and the other for infected cell cultures).   20 ° C and –70 ° C freezers.   Inverted light microscope.   Fluorescent microscope with photography attachments.   Filtration apparatus for preparation of tissue/cell culture media.   Refrigerate centrifuge.   water bath.   pH meter.  Magnetic stirrer.  Vortex mixer.   Elisa Reader and washer.   Micropipettes ( 100 u l, 200 u l, 20 u l).  Hot air oven for ste...

 Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that depend on a host for survival and replication. They require living cells for their replication process. The primary purpose of cultivating viruses is to isolate and identify the diseases.  Also, to understand the viral structure, replication, genetics, and effects on the host cell. To prepare the virus for vaccine production. Mostly virus is cultivated based on Experimental animals. Embryonated eggs. Tissue culture. Animal Inoculation: A mouse is frequently used for the isolation of a virus by animal inoculation. Rabbits, hamsters, and newborn rodents are also used. This inoculation method is used rarely but plays an essential role in the study of pathogenesis. The introduction path will be by intracerebral, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, or intranasal path. After inoculation, the animal is checked for any infections or disease. Mice are used for the isolation of the rabies virus and Coxsackie virus. Embryonated eggs: It was u...

 GENERAL PROPERTIES OF VIRUS: 1. Acellular structure:          They are acellular particles consisting of genetic materials [DNA &RNA] enclosed in a protein coat called capsids. Some viruses also consist of lipid envelopes obtained from the host. 2. Obligate intracellular parasites:          They cannot reproduce or perform metabolic pathways independently. So, they require a host cell for replication and metabolic processes. 3. Genetic material:         Viruses contain either DNA or RNA but not both.          The genetic material can either be single-stranded or double-stranded. 4. Capsid:         It helps in protecting the viral genome and helps in attachment to host cells.         Capsids are made of protein subunits called capsomers. 5. Size:        It is usually in 20 to 300 nanometers. e.g., smallest virus bacteriophage...